For years, federal prohibition has stifled the cannabis industry, restricting the scientific research needed to deepen our understanding of an incredibly complex plant. But times are changing. Recent breakthroughs in research finally provide a clearer picture, particularly when it comes to the critical role post-harvest processing plays in preserving the plant’s quality and potency.
Federal prohibition has created unique challenges for research in our industry compared to other agricultural fields and medicinal plants. Limited funding, lack of institutional support, and persistent stigma also have hindered progress in fully understanding the complexities of cultivation and processing. As a result, much of the industry has relied on passed-down methods and anecdotal evidence, rather than scientific data, to guide cultivation practices.
In recent years, researchers at the Cannabis Research Coalition (CRC), the Colorado-based Institute of Cannabis Research, and those using California tax revenue for academic study, among others, have taken it upon themselves to advance scientific knowledge despite the roadblocks inherent in researching federally controlled substances.
We’ve learned a lot, but it’s important to consider how the industry can benefit immensely from supporting academic research. While I’m particularly fascinated by trichomes, others are interested in edibles’ onset time, CBD topical formulations’ efficacy, and numerous other fields of study. But let’s talk about trichomes and what recently has been discovered about these cannabinoid- and terpene-producing powerhouses.
In 2024, CRC announced findings from studies of terpene retention and trichome integrity—two critical factors for cannabis quality. CRC’s results are prime examples of how cutting-edge scientific research is illuminating new best practices that may improve cultivation and production.
In the anatomy of a cannabis plant, trichome glands on the surface of flower and leaf tissues are rather vulnerable. When trichomes are damaged or ruptured after harvest, they release their contents and lose terpenes. This directly correlates with the overall quality of the plant material.
CRC’s terpene retention study, headed by Allison Justice, PhD, compared environmentally controlled post-harvest methodologies to traditional drying and storage techniques. The results were notable. In a tightly controlled environment with stable vapor pressure, dewpoint, and temperature, trichomes experience significantly less damage than when dried with traditional HVAC methods. Under traditional practices, fluctuating environmental factors are common, leading to greater trichome damage. Conversely, in the environment Justice studied, undamaged trichomes led to higher terpene retention, directly contributing to higher-quality finished flower.
Justice, who earned a doctorate in plant and environmental science from Clemson University, also examined the physical differences between trichomes that experienced fluctuating post-harvest conditions and those maintained in a controlled, consistent environment. Findings revealed maintaining stable vapor pressure levels is crucial for preserving trichome integrity after harvest. The research also pointed to trichome cuticle hardening, which helps retain terpenes, though it remains unclear how this happens at the cellular level. The cuticle, which is part of the trichome structure, influences trichome development, prevents water loss, controls transpiration, and helps transport gases and solutes.
By using tightly controlled environmental spaces after harvest, cultivators can minimize trichome damage and retain more of the plant’s valuable compounds, ultimately enhancing the quality and yield of the final product.
A few other key takeaways about the potential impacts of post-harvest environmental controls and trichome preservation are worth noting. The studies suggested using a controlled environment during the post-harvest process can produce more consistent results across various cultivars, and better trichome preservation may improve shelf stability and long-term storage potential for products. The research aligned scientific findings with user experiences that suggest better-preserved trichomes contribute to superior smokability, taste, and smell.
It’s exciting to see the industry reach a turning point, with research finally addressing the gaps caused by years of restrictions and limited access. As the industry continues to evolve, educating cultivators about the scientific advancements in post-harvest processing and preservation will be crucial. The potential for consistently producing higher-quality flower through controlled post-harvest processes could benefit both cultivators and consumers in significant ways.
As more research emerges, we can expect a shift toward more precise, science-driven cultivation and processing methods. Technologies like environmentally controlled drying and curing spaces likely will become industry standards, leading to better products and more satisfied consumers.
With a lifelong passion for science, David Sandelman invented and patented Vaportrol® Technology, a system that regulates vapor pressure during post-harvest processing to ensure terpene preservation and maintain potency, yield, and quality. He co-founded and serves as chief technology officer at Cannatrol, a drying, curing, and post-harvest storage system. Cannatrols.com
How has federal prohibition impacted cannabis research?
Federal prohibition has significantly limited cannabis research by restricting funding, institutional support, and fostering stigma. As a result, the industry has historically relied on anecdotal methods instead of scientific data. Recent breakthroughs, however, are beginning to change that dynamic.
What challenges do researchers face in studying cannabis cultivation and processing?
Researchers encounter numerous hurdles, including limited funding, a lack of institutional backing, and persistent stigma. These obstacles have made it difficult to adopt data-driven cultivation and processing practices, often forcing reliance on traditional, passed-down methods.
Why is post-harvest processing critical for maintaining cannabis quality?
Post-harvest processing is key to preserving valuable compounds like terpenes and cannabinoids. By using controlled environments to stabilize vapor pressure, temperature, and humidity, cultivators can minimize trichome damage, thereby enhancing overall cannabis quality and potency.
What role do trichomes play in cannabis potency and quality?
Trichomes are the tiny, glandular structures on cannabis that produce cannabinoids and terpenes. Damage to trichomes during processing leads to the loss of these compounds, directly impacting the plant’s flavor, aroma, and potency.
How do controlled environments improve terpene retention and product quality?
Controlled environments ensure stable conditions—such as consistent vapor pressure, dew point, and temperature—that reduce trichome damage during post-harvest processing. This results in higher terpene retention, which contributes to a superior quality product with improved shelf stability.
Recent research reveals how controlled post-harvest environments improve cannabis quality by preserving trichomes and terpenes. Discover the latest findings on best practices. Read More
